Climate Policies and Sustainable Behavior in Egyptian Travel Agencies: The Mediating Role of Green Organizational Culture and the Moderating Effect of Governmental Coordination

Although climate policies are increasingly introduced in Egypt to promote sustainability, their effectiveness in driving organizational change within the tourism sector remains unclear. While policy frameworks set ambitious goals for emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and resource management, there is limited evidence on how travel agencies internalize these policies and translate them into sustainable behaviors. Internal factors, such as Green Organizational Culture (GOC), and external factors, such as Governmental Coordination (GC), also remain underexplored in the Egyptian context. This study examines the influence of climate policies (CP) on Sustainable Behavior (SB) in Egyptian travel agencies, with GOC as a mediating variable and GC as a moderating variable. Data collected from travel agencies were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), including tests of mediation and moderation effects.
The findings indicate that climate policies positively affect sustainable behavior both directly and indirectly through green organizational culture, confirming a mediation pathway. Governmental coordination strengthens the CP–SB relationship, supporting its role as a moderator. The tested SEM model showed robust explanatory power, highlighting the interplay between policy, culture, and governance in advancing sustainability within the tourism sector. The study contributes to Institutional Theory, the Resource-Based View, and Contingency Theory by demonstrating how external policy frameworks and internal organizational culture jointly shape sustainable practices. Practically, it suggests that Egyptian travel agencies should cultivate green cultures, align with governmental initiatives, and integrate climate policies into operations, while policymakers should prioritize collaborative governance and capacity-building to ensure effective implementation.